Carboxylic
Acids
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The Carboxyl Group
Nomenclature
• Common
Names
– Named
for their sources
– Known
for a long time
– well
ingrained
– Branched
chains are named and their position indicated by Greek letters
– Aromatic
acids are named as derivatives of the parent acid (benzoic acid)
• Common
Names # carbon atoms
Formic 1
Acetic 2
Propionic 3
Butyric 4
Valeric 5
Isovaleric 5
Caproic 6
Caprylic 8
Capric 10
• IUPAC
– Name
the longest chain
– replace
-e with -oic acid
– Position
of substituent groups is indicated by number with the carboxyl carbon as C-1
• Salts
– Name
the cation
– name
the acid replacing -ic with -ate
Nomenclature of Diacids
• Common
Names # carbon atoms
Oxalic 2 Oh
Malonic 3 My
Succinic 4 Such
Glutaric 5 Good
Adipic 6 Apple
Pimelic 7 Pie
Suberic 8 Sweet
Azelaic 9 As
Sebacic 10 Sugar
Functional Derivatives of
Carboxylic Acids:
