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Appendicular
skeleton - bones and bone markings – Study Guide |
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Bones of
Pectoral Girdle -
very mobile, but not very strong |
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Clavicle - "collarbone" |
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Acromial
end - broad flat; articulates with scapula |
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Sternal end
- triangular (looks sawed off); articulates with sternum |
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Scapula - "shoulder blade" |
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Glenoid fossa - shallow depression
where humerus articulates with the scapula |
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Acromion process - projection over
shoulder joint; posterior side of scapula; articulates with clavicle |
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Coracoid process - projection on
anterior side of scapula; attachment for short head of biceps muscle |
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Spine - large ridge across
posteriori surface of scapula |
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Infraspinous fossa - depression on
the posterior surface of the scapula inferior to the spine |
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Supraspinous fossa - depression on
the posterior surface of scapula superior to the spine |
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Subscapular fossa - deep, smooth
anterior surface of the scapula |
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Suprascapular notch - allows
suprascapular nerve & vessels to pass |
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Appendicular
skeleton - bones and bone markings |
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Bones of
the Upper Limb |
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Humerus - bone extending from shoulder to
elbow |
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Head - smooth, round proximal
surface; articulates with glenoid fossa of the scapula |
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Anatomical neck - rim around base of
head |
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Surgical neck - region between shaft
& proximal end of bone |
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Greater tubercle - Prominent
knoblike projection on lateral side of bone just distal to anatomical neck |
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Lesser tubercle - Smaller knoblike
projection on anterior side of bone just distal to anatomical neck |
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Intertubercular groove - groove
between greater & lesser tubercles; lets one tendon of biceps pass |
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Deltoid tuberosity - Low lump on
lateral side, about 1/3 of the way down; attachment for deltoid muscle |
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Capitulum - Round condylar surface
on lateral side of distal humerus; articulates with head of radius |
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Radial fossa - Depression proximal
to the capitulum where the radial head fits when elbow is bent |
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Trochlea - Spool-shaped condylar
surface on medial side of distal humerus; articulates with trochlear notch of
the ulna |
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Coronoid fossa - Depression on
anterior side of distal humerus into which coronoid process of the ulna fits
when the elbow is flexed (bent) |
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Olecranon fossa - Depression on
posterior side of distal humerus into which the olecranon process of the ulna
fits when the elbow is extended (straightened) |
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Medial & lateral epicondyles -
ridges on distal humerus from which forearm muscles originate |
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Ulna - "near little
finger" "crescent wrench"; forms elbow joint with the humerus |
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Olecranon process - heavy process at
extreme proximal & posterior end of ulna |
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Coronoid process - thinner process
on anterior surface of bone; helps hold ulna onto humerus by partially
surrounding the trochlea of the humerus |
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Trochlear notch - between olecranon
& coronoid processes; articulates with trochlea of humerus |
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Radial notch - smooth depression on lateral
side of proximal ulna against which the head of radius rotates |
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Head - Small partially rounded
distal end that articulates with the radius & wrist bones |
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Styloid process - small process
protruding from medial side of head to which wrist ligaments attach |
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Appendicular
skeleton - bones and bone markings |
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Bones of
the Upper Limb |
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Radius - rotates around the ulna, near the
thumb |
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Head - Proximal, drum-shaped end; articulates
with capitulum of humerus & radial notch of ulna |
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Neck - narrow region just distal to
the head |
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Radial tuberosity - large lump on
anteromedial surface just distal to neck; attachment for biceps |
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Styloid process - point on lateral
side of distal end of the bone to which wrist ligaments attach |
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Ulnar notch - indentation at distal
end of bone into which the ulna fits |
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Carpals - "wrist bones"; 8 short bones
arranged in 2 irregular rows of four bones each |
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Metacarpals - "palm"; 5 small, long
bones, numbered 1 to 5 from thumb to little finger |
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Phalanges - 14 small, long bones of the
fingers (3 per finger & 2 of the thumb) |
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Pollex - thumb; digit # 1; has only
proximal and distal phalanges |
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Other fingers are numbered 2-5; have
distal, medial, & proximal phalanges |
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Appendicular
skeleton - bones and bone markings |
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Bones of
the Pelvic Girdle -
3 fused coxae. Each coxal bone
consists of the ischium, ilium, & pubis that are fused in adults |
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Acetabulum - Depression into which the head of
the femur articulates |
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Obturator
foramen - Large
hole in the inferior half of the coxa through which nerves & vessels pass |
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Iliac crest - Superior border of the
coxa |
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Iliac fossa - Large depression
occupying most of the superior, anterior half of the coxa |
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Gluteal lines - Lines on posterior
surface of the ilium where gluteal muscles attach |
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Greater sciatic notch - deep notch
on the posterior margin of the coxa where sciatic nerve passes |
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Auricular surface - ear-shaped
articular surface where coxa joins the sacrum (sacroiliac joint) |
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Ischium - Posterior, inferior portion of
coxa |
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Ischial ramus - Portion that extends
inferiorly to form part of the wall of the obturator foramen & joining
the inferior pubic ramus anteriorly |
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Ischial spine - prominence at
inferior margin of the greater sciatic notch |
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Lesser sciatic notch - Small indentation
in posterior border of the coxa just inferior to ischial spine |
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Ischial tuberosity - Large knob of
bone to which several thigh muscles attach; you sit on it |
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Pubis - anterior, inferior portion of
coxa |
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Pubic symphysis - point of
articulation between the two coxa anteriorly; pad of fibrocartilage connects
the 2 pubic bones |
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Pubic arch - inverted V formed by 2
pubic bones |
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Appendicular
skeleton - bones and bone markings |
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Bones of
lower limb |
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Femur - largest & heaviest bone of
the body |
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Head - articulates with the
acetabulum of the pelvis |
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Fovea capitis - small pit in medial
side of head to which a ligament of the hip attaches |
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Neck - thin portion that connects
the head to the shaft |
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Greater trochanter - large process
on lateral side of proximal end of the bone to which gluteal (hip) muscles
attach |
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Lesser trochanter - Process on
posterior side of proximal end of bone to which one muscle attaches |
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Gluteal tuberosity - projection
inferior to greater trochanter on posterior side; gluteal muscle attaches |
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Intertrochanteric crest - Posterior
ridge connecting the greater & lesser trochanters |
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Intertrochanteric line - Anterior
line connecting the greater & lesser trochanters |
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Linea aspera - ridge on posterior
side of the bone to which several thigh muscles attach |
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Medial & lateral condyles -
rounded smooth articular surfaces where the femur articulates with tibia |
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Intercondylar fossa - deep groove
between the condyles where the cruciate ligaments attach |
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Medial & lateral epicondyles -
small ridges on distal end where muscles attach |
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Patellar groove - smooth articular
indented surface where femur articulates with the patella |
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Appendicular
skeleton - bones and bone markings |
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Bones of
lower limb |
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Tibia - weight bearing (larger) bone of
lower leg |
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Medial & lateral condyles - flat
smooth surfaces with which the femur articulates |
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Intercondylar eminence - crest
between the condyles where the cruciate ligaments attach |
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Tibial tuberosity - knot on the
anterior, proximal surface where the patellar ligament attaches |
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Anterior crest - sharp prominent
ridge running inferiorly along anterior border of the bone |
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Medial malleolus - large process of
the distal, medial side of the bone |
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Fibula - "little lie" sticklike,
non-weight bearing bone |
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Head - proximal enlargement;
articulates with lateral side of the proximal tibia |
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Neck - narrow area just distal to
the head |
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Lateral malleolus - enlargement on
the distal, lateral side of the bone |
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Patella - sesamoid bone encased in patellar
ligament, apex points down; "knee cap" |
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Tarsals - seven bones that make up the
posterior half of the foot |
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Talus - on
top, articulates with the tibia; carries the weight |
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Calcaneus -
heel to which calf muscles attach |
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Metatarsals - five small, long bones; distal
portion of the foot |
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Phalanges - 14 of the toes |
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Hallux - great toe with only 2 phalanges |
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