Effect of Groups on Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

Activating: Ortho,para directors

Strongly activating

-NH₂ (-NRH, -NR₂)

-OH

Activating: Ortho,para directors

Moderately activating

-OCH₃ (-OC₂H₅, etc.)

-NHCOCH₃

Activating: Ortho,para directors

Weakly activating

- C₆H₅

-CH₃ (-C₂H₅, etc.)

Deactivating: Meta directors

- NO₂

-N(CH₃)₃⁺

-CN

-COOH (-COOR)

-SO₃H

-CHO, -COR

Deactivating: Ortho,para directors

-F, -Cl, -Br, -I