Generalized Animal Cell Anatomy

 

Use the following terms to label the indicated structures within this generalized animal cell.

 

A.

Centrioles

G.

Microtubules

M.

Peroxisome

B.

Chromatin

H.

Microvilli

N.

Plasma membrane

C.

Cytoplasm

I.

Mitochondria

O.

Ribosomes

D.

Golgi apparatus

J.

Nuclear envelope

P.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

E.

Lysosome

K.

Nucleolus

Q.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

F.

Microfilaments

L.

Nucleus

 

 

 

 

                                                                                                               

Match the following organelles to the description of their function.

 

 

___ 1.

A selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer that encloses the cytoplasm of a cell.

 

A.

Chromatin

___ 2.

Microscopic cellular membrane protrusions that increase the surface area of cells, and are involved in a wide variety of functions, including absorption, secretion, cellular adhesion, and transduction.

 

B.

Microvilli

___ 3.

A membrane-enclosed organelle containing the genetic information (in the form DNA) of a cell.   It is the “Command Center of the Cell,” responsible for growth and reproduction.

 

C.

Nuclear envelope

___ 4.

A darkly staining body within the nucleus of a cell during interphase.  It plays an important role in ribosome manufacture and, by extension, protein synthesis.

 

D.

Nucleolus

___ 5.

Double membrane surrounding the cell nucleus; consists of outer and inner membranes perforated by nuclear pores.

 

E.

Nucleus

___ 6.

A complex of DNA, RNA and proteins within the cell nucleus that will condense to become visible chromosomes during mitosis.

 

F.

Plasma membrane

 

Match the following organelles to the description of their function.

 

___ 7.

Region of the endoplasmic reticulum that is not studded with ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis.

 

A.

Golgi apparatus

___ 8.

A system of membranous tubes and sacs containing ribosomes which function in the manufacture of membrane-bound proteins.

 

B.

Lysosomes

___ 9.

A protein synthesis 'machine,' made of ribosomal RNAs and proteins that translates the code on mRNA (messenger RNA) into proteins.  “The Workbench Upon Which Proteins are Built”

 

C.

Peroxisome

___ 10.

A series of flattened, membrane-bound sacs involved in the storage, modification and secretion of proteins and lipids.  This organelle packages proteins and carbohydrates into vesicles for export from the cell.  This organelle is known as the “Warehouse of the Cell.”

 

D.

Ribosome

___ 11.

Organelles that contain powerful oxidase enzymes that use molecular oxygen to detoxify harmful or toxic substances, such as free radicals and peroxides.  It also participates in the metabolism of fatty acids and other metabolites.

 

E.

Rough ER

___ 12.

Organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.  Some cell biologists call these “suicide bags” because they digest cells that are defective.

 

F.

Smooth ER

 

Match the following organelles to the description of their function.

 

___ 13.

A microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm that functions as the cell’s "scaffolding" or "skeleton."   It gives the cell its shape and provides for internal movements and sometimes external movements.

 

A.

Centriole

___ 14.

Also known as actin filaments, these are the thinnest filaments of the cytoskeleton.  They are usually involved in cell motility or changes in cell shape.

 

B.

Centrosome

___ 15.

Components of the cytoskeleton composed of hollow cylindrical rods, formed of a protein called tubulin.  They help cells to maintain their shape; they also occur in cilia, flagella and the centrioles, and form the spindle during nuclear division.

 

C.

Cytoskeleton

___ 16.

One of a pair of small, barrel-shaped microtubule structures involved in the formation of the spindle during mitosis.

 

D.

Mitochondria

___ 17.

The area of the cell containing paired centrioles.  The centrosome will be replicated during the G2 period of interphase.  The centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell during prophase, stretching the spindle fibers between them.  Recall that it is the spindle fibers that move the chromosomes during mitosis.

 

E.

Microfilaments

___ 18.

An organelle found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that is responsible for the conversion of food to usable energy in the form of ATP through a process called cellular respiration. The inner membrane is folded into pleats called cristae, which increases the surface area upon which cellular respiration takes place.  This organelle contains genetic material separate from the nucleus called mitochondrial DNA (mDNA).  This organelle is known as the “Power House of the Cell.”

 

F.

Microtubules