Name:  __________________________

Human A&P II:  Respiratory System Physiology

 

Review the following terms:  ventilation, inspiration, expiration, spirometer,

 

Complete the table below by filling out the missing terms and volumes:

 

Term

 

 

Abbreviation

 

Definition

Volume

(in ml)

 

TV

Amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions

 

 

IRV

Amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation

 

 

ERV

Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation

 

 

VC

Maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration

 

 

Complete the following exercises…

  1. Have your partner count your normal respiratory rate:  Respirations per minute = ________
    1. The average is 12 breaths per minute

 

  1. Assuming that your tidal volume is average (500ml), what is your minute respiratory volume (MRV)?
    1. MRV = TV x respirations/minute = 500ml x ____ = ______ml/min

 

  1. Use the measuring tape to record how many inches you can expand your ribcage.  Wrap measuring tape just below your breasts and pull it snug during an exhalation.  Then strain to inhale as much as possible.  How many inches have your ribs expanded? 

Measurement before inhaling:  _______cm      Measurement after inhaling:  _______cm

 

  1. How long can you hold your breath?  (You’ll need a timer for this exercise.)
    1. Have your subject breathe normally for 2 minutes, then inhale deeply and hold his or her breath for as long as he or she can.

                                          i.    After breathing normally, held breath for _______ sec.

                                        ii.    Did the subject fill the urge to inhale or exhale during breath holding? _______

 

    1. Have the subject breathe normally for another 2 minutes, then inhale deeply, but now exhale completely and forcefully before holding his/her breath for as long he/she can.

                                          i.    After exhaling, held breath for _______ sec.

                                        ii.    Did the subject fill the urge to inhale or exhale during breath holding? _______

 

    1. Have the subject hyperventilate (breathe deeply & forcefully at the rate of 1 breath/4 sec) for about 30 seconds (a sensation of dizziness may develop).  Have the subject hold his or her breath for as long as he or she can.

                                          i.    After hyperventilating, held breath for _______ sec.

                                        ii.    Was this longer or shorter than the first time?   ____________

 

    1. Have the subject re-breathe (breathe into a paper bag) for 3 minutes, then hold his/her breath for as long as he/she can.

                                          i.    After re-breathing, held breath for _______ sec.

                                        ii.    Was this longer or shorter than the first time?   ____________

 

    1. Have the subject run in place for 2 minutes and then hold his/her breath for as long as he/she can.

                                          i.    After exercising, held breath for _______ sec.

                                        ii.    Was this longer or shorter than the first time?   ____________

 

  1. Use the spirometer to measure the following…
    1. Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) – inhale and exhale normally 2 or 3 times, then insert the spirometer mouthpiece and exhale forcibly as much of the additional air as you can.  Record your results below.

                                          i.    Trial 1 ERV = _______ml               iii.  Trial 3 ERV = _______ml

                                        ii.    Trial 2 ERV = _______ml               iv.  Average ERV = _______ml

1.    Average ERV ranges from 1,000 to 1,200ml

 

    1. Vital Capacity (VC) – breathe in and out normally 2 or 3 times, and then bend over and exhale all the air possible.  Then, as you raise yourself to the upright position, inhale as fully as possible.  (It is very important to strain to inhale the maximum amount of air that you can.)  Quickly insert the mouthpiece, and exhale as forcibly as you can.  Record your results below.

                                          i.    Trial 1 VC = _______ml                  iii.  Trial 3 VC = _______ml

                                        ii.    Trial 2 VC = _______ml                  iv.  Average VC = _______ml

1.    Average VC is about 4,500ml, ranging from 3,600 to 4,800ml

 

  1. How closely does your vital capacity volume compare to the predicted values for someone your age, sex, and height.  (Obtain this figure from a table.)  Notice that you will have to convert your height in inches to centimeters (cm) to find the corresponding value.
    1. Height in cm = height in inches x 2.54 = ________ cm
    2. Predicted VC value (from the table) = ________ml
    3. Compare your VC to the predicted VC using the following formula:

                                          i.    %  of predicted VC =            Average measured VC  x 100 = _____%

Predicted VC

 

  1. Calculate your Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
    1. IRV = VC – (TV + ERV)
    2. IRV = _________ - (500 + _____ ) = ___________ml
    3. Average IRV range from 2,100ml to 3,100ml

 

  1. Calculate your Residual Volume (RV)
    1. RV = VC x factor = ________ml

                                          i.    Factor for ages 16-34 = 0.250

                                        ii.    Factor for ages 35-49 = 0.305

                                       iii.    Factor for ages 50-69 = 0.445

                                       iv.    Average RV is 1,200ml